The rapid deployment, selforganization and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military c4isrt. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas e. Wsns experience failure problems due to various factors such as power depletion, environmental impact, radio interference, asymmetric communication links, dislocation of sensor node and. Exploiting selforganization and fault tolerance in wireless sensor.
Wireless sensor networks wsns are known for their wide use in industry, military, and environmental monitoring applications. Faulttolerant algorithms for connectivity restoration in. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks can be found in 2. Wireless sensor networks wsn are useful for monitoring of physical conditions and passing the data gathered to the required location. They are usually deployed in harsh environments, where nodes are subjected to failures and the networks are easy to be partitioned into disjoint segments. The energy of nodes, communication computing and storage capability in wireless sensor networks are limited. This deployment faces new challenges due to the specific characteristics of sensor small size, limited battery. A wireless sensor network has been designed to perform the highlevel of information processing tasks like detection, classification and tracking. One of the most important one is replication, which is wellsuited for sensor networks due to their inherent node redundancy. Watson research center abstract one of the main goals of sensor networks is to provide accurate information about. In military, for example, the rapid deployment, selforganization, and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military command, control, communications, computing, intel. Second, a faulttolerance method using wireless sensor networks wsns, in case of gps signal failure, e.
Electionbased method for fault tolerance in a hierarchical sensor. Fault tolerance and energy efficient clustering algorithm in. A survey of sensor selection schemes in wireless sensor. The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of lowcost sensor networks. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor. On fault tolerance, performance, and reliability for. A survey of fault management in wireless sensor networks.
Physical, data link, network, transport and application layers. In this paper, we study distributed approximation algorithms for faulttolerant clustering in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Accordingly, fault tolerance, which is the ability to immediately and. A survey on classification of fault tolerance techniques available in wireless sensor network. A survey on fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks zeyu zhang, student member, ieee, amjad mehmood, lei shu, senior member, ieee, zhiqiang huo, student member, ieee, yu zhang and mithun mukherjee, member, ieee abstractwireless sensor networks wsns often consist of hundreds of sensor nodes that may be deployed in relatively. They are like any other system prone to failure due to limitation of resources. Introduction recent research exploring advancements in wireless sensor network wsn yields many challenges and intends researchers to. Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures 1, 2. Add to favorites download citations track citations recommend to library. Cayirci ieee communications, aug 2002 the authors present a communication architecture for sensor networks and proceed to survey the current research pertaining to all layers of the protocol stack.
Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless. Introduction recent advancements in integrated circuits have fostered the emergence of a new generation of tiny, inexpensive lowpower sensors. A survey on sensor networks university of california. Fault tolerance and energy consumption scheme of a wireless. A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale. Network clustering, faulttolerance, energyaware communication, sensor networks. When there is a link loss or node failure, the nodes can still communicate with each other by using other intermediate nodes. On fault tolerance, performance, and reliability for wireless and sensor networks submitted by chen xinyu for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the chinese university of hong kong abstract the emerging mobile wireless environment poses exciting challenges for distributed faulttolerant ft computing. Wsn is affected by faults that may occur due to various reasons such as malfunctioning hardware.
A survey on communication link fault tolerance for. For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently. Abstract wireless sensor networks wsn are useful for monitoring of physical conditions and passing the data gathered to the required location. In many applications, the environment being monitored. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks r.
In this method, wireless sensor boards are deployed in selected locations along buses routes in city, and each. On gps faulttolerance for citybus tracking system using. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in. This paper describes how the path fragments are rectifying during t he transmission time and how the. Exploiting selforganization and fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. Introduction sensor networking and the methods for eciently innetwork processing the sensor readings have emerged as important permission. This allows random deployment in inaccessible terrains or disaster relief operations. Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless sensor network ayasha siddiqua, prashant krishan, shikha swaroop post graduate department of information technology, dehradun institute of technology abstract wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor, which senses the data and perform the action, according to data. The kconnectivity property has been studied extensively before in the context of wireless networks. Distance based fault detection in wireless sensor networks. In this section, we first present a brief survey on clustering approaches. Introduction wireless adhoc sensor networks have recently. Fault tolerance has been discussed in detail in the literature on distributed systems see, e. Wireless sensor networks can be an integral part of military command, control, communications, computing, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and targeting c4isrt systems.
A selfmanaging fault management mechanism for wireless sensor. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor networks t. For most sensor network applications, pointtopoint reliability is not the main objective. Faulttolerant clustering of wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are resourceconstrained selforganizing systems that are often deployed in inaccessible and inhospitable environments in order to collect data about some outside world phenomenon. A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks.
Jirapure, pce nagpur abstract wireless sensor networks wsns have the potential of significantly enhancing our ability to monitor and interact with. Even deploying a sensor with great line of sight, it could have obstructions. Thepositionofsensornodesneednotbeengineered or predetermined. This paper reports a complete study on both 2 aspects and presents a fault tolerance approach using regressional learning with fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks. Handbook of sensor networks wireless sensor networks will further increase the importance of fault tolerance while at the same time imposing a number of unique new conceptual and technical challenges to fault tolerance researchers. In this paper, we study the coverage problem where the main objective is to construct two disjoint cover sets in randomly deployed wsns based.
Fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications. The ohio state university 2004 dissertation committee. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault tolerance in. Electionbased method for fault tolerance in a hierarchical sensor network eftohsn. Scalable design of faulttolerance for wireless sensor networks dissertation presented in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the graduate school of the ohio state university by murat demirbas, m. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor. Builtin sensor nodes are fixed with onboard processor and transceiver that connects every separate node in the region as in 1. Wireless sensor network wsn is strongly affirmed as an indispensable technology that exploits sensor nodes sns key abilities sensing, processing and communication to achieve limitless remote sensing applications in many fields such as data. Design of target coverage algorithms for a large scale wsns should incorporate both the energy efficiency and fault tolerance.
In this paper we address fault tolerance concept in general, give analysis to the definition of fault tolerance and terms related to it based on the system requirements. Abstract in the last decade, wireless sensor networks wsns have increasingly gained the. By using both techniques, wireless sensor networks wsns can be deployed in. The wireless sensor network wsn is a promoted technology applied in the communication system of smart grid, which enjoys low cost, low power dissipation, selforganization, and strong flexibility.
The reliability r kt or fault tolerance of a sensor node is modeled in 2 using the poisson distribution to capture the. In the sensor network with a hierarchical topology, the set of sensors is divided into subsets, and each one of them has some defined tasks to. Target tracking, fault tolerance, gaussian mixture model, expectationmaximization, wireless sensor networks 1. In this survey, we give an overview of wsn mechanisms that provide or improve the fault tolerance property of wireless sensor networks and prevention of fault occurrence such as energy aware. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance are two of the major concerns in wireless sensor networks wsns for the target coverage. Abstractthe reliability of wireless sensor networks. A survey on fault tolerant routing techniques in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks are employed to monitor physical areas in different places. International journal of engineering research and technology, vol. Abstract fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications.
In fact, these networks, composed by a large number of small and cheap sensors, are deployed in several domains military, industry, agriculture, space, environment, etc. A kfold dominating set of a graph g v,e is a subset s of v such that every node v. Investigation of faults, errors and failures in wireless. Manets have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary. A survey gaojun fan and shiyao jin national lab of parallel and distributed processing, natio nal university of defense technology, changsha, china email. A survey on fault tolerant multipath routing protocols in. Fault tolerance and energy efficiency are main challenges.
At least three major groups of reasons support research in faulttolerant sensor networks receiving. A survey on fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks. Nevertheless, the acceptance of wireless sensor networks by the industrial community is not without its difficulties. The number of sensor nodes in a sensor network can be several orders of magnitude higher than the nodes in an ad hoc network. Some of the application areas are health, military, and home. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks ian f. Recent advancement in wireless communica tions and electronics has enabled the develop ment of lowcost sensor networks. Our classification takes in consideration the failed component targeted by the mechanism as well as the technique used in the recovery process. Application, middleware, wireless sensor network survey and protocol 1. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Chowdhury broadband and wireless networking laboratory, school of electrical and computer engineering, georgia institute of technology. Wireless sensor networks, faults, errors, failures, fault tolerances, protocolstack, sensor nodes component, fault management lifecycle. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks.
Deploying sensor networks with guaranteed fault tolerance. Wireless sensor network protocols sensor network services sensor network deployment survey abstract a wireless sensor network wsn has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are. In these recent years, wireless sensor networks wsns have attracted more and more attention. An added feature of sensor networks is the supportive effort in sensor network region. In our survey, we introduce a new classification according to the network size. Indeed, we classify the fault tolerance mechanisms into two classes. Abstract wireless sensor networks wsns consists of large number of energy constrained sensor nodes that are randomly deployed. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. Thus, distributed sensing provides robustness to environmental obstacles.
Achieving fault tolerance and network depth in hierarchical wireless sensor networks anurag d and somprakash bandyopadhyay wireless connectivity logical path sensor node relay node sink proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science 2008 wcecs 2008, october 22 24, 2008, san francisco, usa isbn. Wireless sensor networks are commonly spread wide in harsh environment and are subject to faults in several layers of the system. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor networks conference paper pdf available october 2015 with 1,703 reads how we measure reads. Fun hu a a mobile and satellite communication research centre, school of engineering, design and technology, university of bradford, united kingdom b wireless networks laboratory, istituto di scienza. Moreover, we present a comprehensive study of the four steps in a. Using a wireless sensor network, many more data can be collected compared to just one sensor. Fault tolerance using cluster in wireless sensor network. Results obtained from our ft modeling reveal that an ft wsn. The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless. Recently, industrial wireless sensor networks have attracted more attention, due to their large benefits in terms of faster installation, cost savings, and flexibility. Energy efficient fault tolerant coverage in wireless. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. Survey on fault tolerance for link failure in wireless. Survey on application of wireless sensor network in smart.
A fault fuzzyontology for large scale faulttolerant wireless sensor networks yazid benazzouz, oumelkeir aktouf. Wsn nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to manet nodes. Networks and all the sensor nodes have contact with the base station. The differences between sensor networks and ad hoc networks are 4. In the worst case, a kconnected network requires k node failures to disconnect the. A survey on communication link fault tolerance for wireless sensor networks john divakaran postgraduate student, department of computer science and engineering, ka runya university, india abstract. A survey on fault tolerant multipath routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks wsns often consist of hundreds of sensor nodes that may be deployed in relatively harsh and complex environments. Sensor nodes have the ability to sense and send data towards the base station bs. This paper state a significant analysis of fault tolerance mechanisms in wireless sensor networks such as mobile agentma mechanisms, relay node mechanisms and hand over mechanisms to identify the strengths and importance of each one of these mechanisms. Faulttolerant clustering in ad hoc and sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks introduction to wireless sensor networks february 2012 a wireless sensor network is a selfconfiguring network of small sensor nodes communicating among themselves using radio signals, and deployed in quantity to sense, monitor and understand the physical world.
718 118 897 193 1 1424 975 199 448 931 201 62 436 743 1158 1418 542 1208 425 1033 275 869 958 1032 409 1031 310 805 1123 294 568 1205 1110